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Michael Howard, Baron Howard of Lympne ,  CH ,  PC ,  QC  (born 7 July 1941), is a British politician who served as  Leader  of the  Conservative Party  and  Leader of the Opposition  from November 2003 to December 2005. He previously held cabinet positions in the governments of  Margaret Thatcher  and  John Major , including  Secretary of State for Employment ,  Secretary of State for the Environment  and  Home Secretary . Howard was born in  Swansea . He studied at  Peterhouse, Cambridge , following which he joined the  Young Conservatives . In 1964, he was called to the Bar and became a  Queen's Counsel  in 1982. He first became a  Member of Parliament  at the  1983 general election , representing the constituency of  Folkestone and Hythe . This quickly led to him being promoted and Howard became Minister for Local Government in 1987. Under the premiership of  John Major , he served as Secretary of State for Employment (1990–1992), Secretary of State for the Environment (1992

Italian unification  ( Italian :  Unità d'Italia   [uniˈta ddiˈtaːlja] ), also known as the  Risorgimento  ( / r ɪ ˌ s ɔːr dʒ ɪ ˈ m ɛ n t oʊ / ,  Italian:  [risordʒiˈmento] ; meaning "the Resurgence"), was the political and social movement that consolidated  different states  of the  Italian peninsula  into the single state of the  Kingdom of Italy  in the 19th century. The process began in 1815 with the  Congress of Vienna  and was completed in 1871 when  Rome  became the capital of the Kingdom of Italy. [1] [2] The term, which also designates the cultural, political and social movement that promoted unification, recalls the  romantic ,  nationalist  and  patriotic  ideals of an Italian renaissance through the conquest of a unified political identity that, by sinking its ancient roots during the Roman period, "suffered an abrupt halt [or loss] of its political unity in 476 AD after the collapse of the  Western Roman Empire ". [3]  However, some of the  terre