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JAMES MITCHELL TOUR جيمس ميتشل تور

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James M. Tour  is an American  synthetic   organic chemist , specializing in  nanotechnology . Tour is the T. T. and W. F. Chao Professor of Chemistry, Professor of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, and Professor of Computer Science at  Rice University  in  Houston ,  Texas ,  United States . Tour received degrees from  Syracuse University  (BS, 1981),  Purdue University  (PhD, 1986) and completed postdoctoral work at the  University of Wisconsin–Madison  (1986–1987) and  Stanford University  (1987–1988). Career He worked in  molecular electronics  and molecular switching molecules. Tour's work on carbon materials chemistry is broad and encompasses fullerene purification, [2] [3]  composites, [4] [5]  conductive inks for radio frequencies identification tags, [6] [7]  carbon nanoreporters for identifying oil downhole, [8] [9]  graphene synthesis from cookies...
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Yield spread or Credit spread

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In  finance , the  yield spread  or  credit spread  is the difference between the quoted rates of return on two different investments, usually of different credit qualities but similar maturities. It is often an indication of the  risk premium  for one investment product over another. The phrase is a compound of  yield  and  spread . The "yield spread of X over Y" is generally the annualized percentage  yield to maturity  (YTM) of  financial instrument  X minus the YTM of financial instrument Y. There are several measures of yield spread relative to a benchmark  yield curve , including interpolated spread ( I-spread ), zero-volatility spread ( Z-spread ), and  option-adjusted spread  (OAS). It is also possible to define a yield spread between two different maturities of otherwise comparable bonds. For example, if a certain bond with a 10-year maturity yields 8% and a comparable bond from the same...
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Battle of Amiens (1918)

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The  Battle of Amiens , also known as the  Third Battle of Picardy  ( French :  3ème Bataille de Picardie ), was the opening phase of the  Allied  offensive which began on 8 August 1918, later known as the  Hundred Days Offensive , that ultimately led to the end of the  First World War . Allied forces advanced over 11 kilometres (7 mi) on the first day, one of the greatest advances of the war, with Gen  Henry Rawlinson 's  British Fourth Army  (with 9 of its 19  divisions  supplied by the fast moving  Australian Corps  of Lt Gen  John Monash  and  Canadian Corps  of Lt Gen  Arthur Currie ) playing the decisive role. The battle is also notable for its effects on both sides' morale and the large number of  surrendering   German  forces. This led  Erich Ludendorff  to describe the first day of the battle as "the black day of the German Army". Amiens was one of ...
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