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Italian unification

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Italian unification  ( Italian :  Unità d'Italia   [uniˈta ddiˈtaːlja] ), also known as the  Risorgimento  ( / r ɪ ˌ s ɔːr dʒ ɪ ˈ m ɛ n t oʊ / ,  Italian:  [risordʒiˈmento] ; meaning "the Resurgence"), was the political and social movement that consolidated  different states  of the  Italian peninsula  into the single state of the  Kingdom of Italy  in the 19th century. The process began in 1815 with the  Congress of Vienna  and was completed in 1871 when  Rome  became the capital of the Kingdom of Italy. [1] [2] The term, which also designates the cultural, political and social movement that promoted unification, recalls the  romantic ,  nationalist  and  patriotic  ideals of an Italian renaissance through the conquest of a unified political identity that, by sinking its ancient roots during the Roman period, "suffered an abrupt halt [or loss] of its political unity in 476 A...
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A Story of JOKER

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The  Joker  is a  supervillain  created by  Bill Finger ,  Bob Kane , and  Jerry Robinson  who first appeared in the debut issue of the  comic book   Batman  (April 25, 1940), published by  DC Comics . Credit for the Joker's creation is disputed; Kane and Robinson claimed responsibility for the Joker's design while acknowledging Finger's writing contribution. Although the Joker was planned to be killed off during his initial appearance, he was spared by editorial intervention, allowing the character to endure as the archenemy of the superhero  Batman . In his comic book appearances, the Joker is portrayed as a criminal mastermind. Introduced as a  psychopath  with a warped, sadistic sense of humor, the character became a goofy prankster in the late 1950s in response to regulation by the  Comics Code Authority , before returning to his darker roots during the early 1970s. As Batman's nemesis, the Joker has...
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Paris Peace Conference, 1919

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The  Paris Peace Conference , also known as the  Versailles Peace Conference , was the meeting in 1919 of the victorious  Allied Powers  following the end of  World War I  to set the peace terms for the defeated  Central Powers . The conference involved diplomats from  32 countries and nationalities , and its major decisions were the creation of the  League of Nations , as well as the five peace treaties with the defeated states; the awarding of German and Ottoman overseas possessions as " mandates ", chiefly to Britain and France; the imposition of  reparations upon Germany ; and the drawing of new national boundaries (sometimes with  plebiscites ) to better reflect ethnic boundaries. The main result was the  Treaty of Versailles  with Germany, which in section 231 laid the guilt for the war on "the aggression of Germany and her allies". This provision proved humiliating for Germany and set the stage for the expensiv...
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